JUIV  20  1922 

'BRARY 


1 

1  |         I  s  Economics  Circular  No.  12.  March> 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

BUREAU  OF  EDUCATION 
0  HIHK  WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


STATE  CERTIFICATION  OF  HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 


Introduction.—"  What  are  the  usual  certification  requirements  in  the.  various 
States?"  is  a  question  frequently  sent  to  the.  Bureau  of  Education. 

Teachers  in  one  State  are  interested  when  meditating  a  change  of  position  to 
another,  and  teacher  training  institutions  are  especially  concerned  when  pre- 
paring to  place  their  graduates. 

The  following  statements  are  either  direct  quotations  from  the  State  laws  or 
have  been  prepared  or  approved  as  correct  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  in  the  particular  State  referred  to. 

The  reader  should  hold  in  mind  the  fact  that  many  cities  determine  for  them- 
selves the  qualifications!  of  their  teachers.1 

City  school  requirements  are.  usually  higher  than  the  minimum  set  by  the 
State  law.  A  concerted  effort  is  now  being  made  by  the  advocates  of  home 

onomics  education  to  have  all  home  economics  teachers  meet  requirements 

equal  to  those  demanded  of  other  teachers  in  any  one  school  system   i   e    if  aH 

igh-school  teachers  of  academic  subjects  must  hold  a  bachelor's  degree   then 

the  special  teachers  of  home  economics  should  also  be  required  to  have  completed 

a  four  years'  college  course. 

ALABAMA. 

Every  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Alabama  must  hold  a  certificate  of  some 
kind.     The  certificates  of  the  several  grades  and  classes  are  issued  on  examina- 
lon  or  on  the  completion  of  courses  of  professional  study 

Since  October  1,  1920,  special  certificates  to  teach  home  economics  and  sup- 
porting subjects  have  been  issued  on  credentials  of  applicants.     The  educational 
requirements  to  secure  a  certificate  of  this  kind  are  graduation  from  an  accred- 
[  high  school  and  two  years  of  special  training  in  home  economics  in  an 
institution   of  college  rank.     The  applicant  for  a   certificate  of  this   kind   is 
required  to  show  that  50  per  cent  of  the  time  was  devoted  to  home  economics 
1  supporting  subjects,  with  as  many  as  two  semester  hours  of  practice  teach- 
ing in  home  economics  included  as  a  part  of  the  course.     In  the  case  of  a  person 
who  has  had  four  years  of  work  in  home  economics  it  is  required  that  only 
15  per  cent  of  the  time  be  given  to  this  and  related  subjects.    All  special  cer- 
ssued  on  this  basis  are  valid  for  3  years  and  are  subject  to  renewal  on 

'  See  Bu.  of  Educ.  Bull.  1917,  No.  8,  »  Current  Practice  in  City  School  Administration  " 
95035—22 


2  CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

the  basis  of  reading  circle  work,  extension  courses,  and  summer-school  study  at 
an  approved  institution. 

No  special  certificate  to  teach  home  economics  is  required  of  a  teacher  who 
holds  a  regular  certificate  of  some  other  kind  under  which  she  is  qualified  to 
teach  in  the  public  schools  of  the  State.  Up  to  this  time  the  State  department 
of  education  has  not  provided  for  the  issuance  of  certificates  in  home  economics 
by  examination,  though  it  is  probable  that  the  development  of  this  subject  as  a 
public-school  study  will  before  many  years  lead  to  the  issuance  of  certificates 
in  this  way. 

ARIZONA. 

Vocational  home  economics  certificates  (Smith-Hughes)  are  given  on  comple- 
tion of  a  4-year  course  from  a  standard  college  or  xmiversity  giving  fully  stand- 
ardized courses  In  home  economics.  At  least  30  hours  of  the  120  hours  usually 
required  for  graduation  should  be  given  to  home  economics  subjects.  Eighteen 
hours  of  education  are  required,  credit  for  three  of  which  may  be  secured  on 
one  year  or  more  of  successful  teaching  experience. 

Home  economics  certificates  (not  Smith-Hughes  vocational)  are  given  on 
completion  of  an  approved  course  in  home  economics  above  a  high  school.  This 
means  at  least  a  2-year  normal  course  in  the  specific  subject.  In  actual  prac- 
tice the  high  schools  of  the  State  require  graduation  from  the  fully  standardized 
courses  in  home  economics  of  a  college  or  university. 

ARKANSAS. 

A  2-year  course  in  home  economics  leads  to  a  certificate,  and  the  State  board 
may  also  issue  certificate  on  examination. 

CALIFORNIA. 

For  the  elementary  schools,  seven  years  of  schooling  beyond  an  elementary 
school  course,  including  one  and  one-half  full  years  of  professional  training 
and  special  training  in  home  economics.  For  the  secondary  schools,  eight 
years  of  schooling  beyond  an  elementary  school  course,  with  two  full  years 
of  professional  training  and  training  in  home  economics.  In  certain  instances, 
and  upon  individual  examination,  four  or  more  years  of  experience  as  the  head  of 
a  household  may  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  two  years  of  the  eight-year  schooling 
requirement  for  secondary  teachers.  Certification  of  home  economics  teachers 
is  dependent  upon  credentials  authorized  or  issued  by  the  State  board  of  educa- 
tion. 

COLORADO. 

A  four  years'  college  course  is  necessary  for  those  desiring  to  teach  in  high 
schools.  For  evening  and  part-time  schools,  two  years  of  college  work  are  re- 
quired, though  this  may  be  waived  under  certain  conditions. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Certificate  is  issued  by  State  board  of  education  upon  examination  to  those 
who  have  special  preparation  to  teach,  if  they  are  to  be  paid  by  the  town. 

Town-school  committees  or  high-school  committees  may  certificate  for  local 
high  schools  when  teachers  are  paid  by  local  committees. 

On  November  1,  1921,  there  were  four  Smith-Hughes  departments  of  home 
economics  in  high  schools  in  the  State,  with  five  teachers  employed.  There 
is  also  a  department  of  home  economics  with  two  teachers  at  the  Putnam  State 
Trade  School.  The  State  pays  the  entire  salary  of  these  teachers.  Their  certifi- 
cation is  based  upon  the  following  terms: 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS.  3 

1.  Practical  experience. — Teachers  of  home  economics  shall  have  had  suffi- 
cient practical  experience  to  properly  organize  the  work. 

2.  Professional    training. — Includes    special    home    economics    methods    and 
supervised  teaching  In  home  economics. 

3.  Training  in  home  economics. — Teachers  must  have  been  graduated  from 
a  home  economics  department  of  a  college  or  have  had  equivalent  education  or 
training. 

The  1st  of  next  July  (1923)  a  new  system  of  certification  covering  all  classes 
of  positions  will  be  inaugurated. 

DELAWARE. 

The  city  of  Wilmington  certificates  its  own  teachers.  For  high  schools  outside 
of  Wilmington  it  is  necessary  for  the  applicant  to  have  had  a  four  years'  college 
course  and  to  have  specialized  in  home  economics,  including  the  art  of  teaching 
the  same. 

FLORIDA. 

Any  eligible  applicant  presenting  satisfactory  evidence  of  possessing  ability 
to  teach  one  or  more  subjects  not  embraced  in  the  requirements  for  a  second- 
grade  certificate,  and  passing  a  satisfactory  oral  and  written  examination  on  one 
or  more  subjects,  shall  receive  a  special  certificate  on  every  subject  on  which  a 
grade  of  90  per  cent  is  made.  A  special  certificate  shall  be  valid  for  teaching 
only  the  subjects  covered  by  It  and  for  five  years  from  date  of  issue. 

Any  regular  graduate  of  a  standard  university,  college,  or  normal  school  re- 
quiring a  four-year  course  for  graduation,  having  graduated  therefrom  since 
June  15,  1905,  and  desiring  a  teacher's  certificate  in  Florida,  shall  file  an  appli- 
cation in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
which  form  shall  contain,  with  other  matter,  a  complete  transcript  of  the  ap- 
plicant's college  record,  showing  the  branches  pursued  and  completed,  with  the 
grade  made  on  each  branch  expressed  on  the  basis  of  100,  and  the  number  of 
months  each  branch  was  pursued  in  the  school  reporting,  with  a  certified  copy 
of  his  or  her  diploma,  and  satisfactory  evidence  of  having  taught  school  success- 
fully for  a  period  of  24  months  after  graduation,  a  fee  of  $5,  and  satisfactory 
testimonials  as  to  health  and  moral  character  with  the  State  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  who,  with  the  president  and  dean  of  the  normal  department 
of  the  Florida  State  College  for  Women,  shall  constitute  a  commission  to  review 
and  pass  upon  all  applications  for  certificates  based  upon  diplomas ;  and  the  State 
superintendent  shall  issue  a  graduate  primary,  a  graduate  first  grade,  a  graduate 
special,  or  a  graduate  State  certificate,  as  the  commission  may  determine. 

The  applicant's  college  record  must  be  the  same  or  equivalent  as  to  branches 
completed  and  grades  made  as  is  required  for  a  primary,  first  grade,  special,  or 
State  certificate  issued  upon  examination  under  sections  7,  10,  11,  and  12  of  this 
act ;  and  all  certificates  issued  under  this  section  shall  have  the  rights,  privileges, 
and  benefits  conferred  upon  those  holding  like  certificates  issued  as  the  result 
of  examination. 

The  State  superintendent  of  public  instruction  is  hereby  authorized  to  issue 
to  any  applicant  who  files  a  valid  teacher's  certificate,  or  license  to  teach,  issued 
by  or  in  a  State  other  than  the  State  of  Florida,  when  such  applicant  is  in- 
dorsed and  recommended  by  the  superintendent  of  public  instruction  of  the  county 
wherein  such  applicant  has  been  elected  or  employed  to  teach,  a  courtesy  tem- 
porary certificate  valid  for  two  months,  except  as  otherwise  provided,  authoriz- 
ing the  applicant  to  teach  in  the  school  and  that  school  only,  and  the  subjects  and 
only  the  subjects  embraced  in  the  certificate,  or  license  filed :  Provided,  That 
the  holder  of  such  courtesy  temporary  certificate  must  obtain,  on  or  before  the 


4  CERTIFICATION  OF  HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

expiration  of  said  two  months,  a  regular  Florida  certificate  under  this  chapter : 
Provided  further,  That  should  the  holder  of  such  courtesy  temporary  certificate 
fail  upon  examination  to  merit  a  certificate  or  fail  to  be  awarded  by  the  com- 
mission a  certificate  based  upon  a  diploma  from  a  standard  university,  college, 
or  four-year  normal  school,  the  said  courtesy  temporary  certificate  shall  be  void 
at  once  and  no  other  temporary  certificate  shall  be  issued  to  said  person ;  or  if 
the  certificate  merited  upon  examination  or  awarded  by  the  commission  does  not 
embrace  each  and  all  the  subjects  set  out  in  said  courtesy  temporary  certificate, 
then  the  authority  to  teach  the  subject  or  subjects  not  so  embraced  shall  im- 
mediately terminate. 

GEORGIA. 

To  teach  in  the  Georgia  schools  the  applicant  must,  at  least,  have  graduated 
from  a  standard  high  school  and  have  a  degree  or  approved  training  in  home 
economics  and  in  the  science  and  art  of  teaching. 

For  Smith-Hughes  schools  the  full  four-year  home  economics  course  at  the 
State  College  of  Agriculture  or  of  institutions  of  equal  rank  and  practical  ex- 
perience are  essential. 

For  vocational  part-time  and  evening  schools  temporary  vocational  certifi- 
cates may  be  granted  to  teachers  not  having  the  required  professional  train- 
ing but  who,  with  large  practical  experience,  demonstrate  their  ability  to  teach 
successfully. 

IDAHO. 

The  applicant  for  a  position  in  home  economics  in  Idaho  must  be  a  graduate 
from  an  approved  high  school  and  must  have  had  not  less  than  a  two-year 
course  in  home  economics  in  an  approved  college  or  school.  She  must  also  pass 
an  examination  in  Idaho  civil  government  and  school  law  and  in  the  Idaho 
Manual  and  Course  of  Study.  Vocational  day-school  teachers  must  have  a 
degree  of  bachelor  of  science  in  home  economics  or  the  equivalent,  12  weeks 
of  practical  teaching,  and  2  years'  practical  experience  in  household  admin- 
istration. 

ILLINOIS. 

In  order  to  be  certified  for  high-school  teaching  in  Illinois,  the  applicant  must 
be  graduated  from  an  organized  college  or  university  and  must  present  within 
three  years  after  graduation  certified  credits  in  the  subjects  she  wishes  to 
teach,  accompanied  by  faculty  recommendation  of  ability  to  teach  in  high  school. 

Special  certificates  are  granted  to  applicants  who  present  the  following:  (A) 
Evidence  of  graduation  from  a  four-year  high-school  or  equivalent  preparation ; 
(B)  a  certificate  showing  the  completion  of  at  least  two  years  of  special  train- 
ing in  the  subject  or  subjects  named  on  the  certificate  in  a  recognized  higher 
institution;  (C)  credits  for  eight  semester  hours  in  English  and  six  semester 
hours  in  education;  (D)  satisfactory  evidence  that  the  applicant  has  taught 
or  can  teach  successfully  the  subject  or  subjects  for  which  a  special  certificate 
is  desired. 

INDIANA. 

Graduation  from  an  approved  two-year  teachers'  course,  with  special  train- 
ing courses  in  the  subject  for  which  the  certificate  is  issued.  Vocational  high 
schools  under  Smith-Hughes  act  employ  only  such  teachers  as  have  had  a  four- 
year  college  course  and  practical  home  experience. 

IOWA. 

Certification  is  secured  by  examination  in  special  subjects  or  groups  of  sub- 
jects, by  completion  of  a  two  years'  normal  course,  or  by  graduation  from  the 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME   ECONOMICS   TEACHERS.  5 

State  Agricultural  College  or  State  Normal.  For  vocational  day  schools,  four 
years  of  college  work  beyond  the  high  school  and  two  years  of  practical  ex- 
perience are-  required ;  for  evening  and  part-time  vocational  schools,  two  years 
in  home  economics  college  course,  or  equivalent  practical  experience. 

KANSAS. 

In  Kansas  a  four-year  course  in  an  accredited  high  school  and  a  two-year 
course  of  study  (60  semester  hours)  in  normal  school,  college,  or  university, 
approved  for  this  purpose  by  the  State  board  of  education.  Advanced  or  college 
study  must  be  sufficient  to  earn  not  less  than  60  semester  hours,  including  not 
less  than  28  semester  hours  in  horn,e  economics  and  3  semester  hours  each  in 
general  psychology,  methods  of  teaching,  and  school  management,  or  other 
equivalent  branches  in  education.  For  vocational  day  schools  expecting  Smith- 
Hughes  reimbursement,  the  applicant  must  have  had  a  four-year  course  in 
home  economics  and  two  years'  practical  experience  in  a  home.  In  evening  and 
part-time  schools,  teachers  of  food  classes  must  have  had  a  four-year  course 
in  college,  but  for  teachers  of  other  home  economics  subjects  the  "  rules  will  be 
modified  to  suit  the  needs  of  the  case." 

KENTUCKY. 

Home  economics  teachers  in  the  elementary  and  high  schools  of  Kentucky 
are  expected  to  have  had  a  two-year  home  economics  college  course.  Teachers 
in  Smith-Hughes  vocational  day  schools  must  have  had  a  four-year  home  eco- 
nomics college  course.  Teachers  for  evening  and  part-time  classes  must  show 
"  sufficient  training  to  present,  work  in  a  satisfactory  manner,"  and  have  had 
two  years  of  practical  experience. 

LOUISIANA. 

For  the  session  of  1921-22,  home  economics  teachers  are  required  to  be  cred- 
ited with,  as  many  as  36  college  hours  (a* college  course  of  two  years,  majoring 
in  home  economics)  ;  for  the  session  of  1922-23,  the  requirement  will  be  40 
college  hours ;  and  thereafter  these  teachers  will  have  to  meet  the  standards 
prescribed  for  other  high-school  teachers.  The  standard  for  the  session  of 
1923-24  will  be  64  college  hours,  just  4  hours  short  of  college  graduation. 

MAINE. 

A  two  years'  normal  course  in  home  economics  leads  to  a  certificate.  For 
vocational  day  schools  the  teacher  must  have  had  training  "  equal  to  that  given 
at  the  University  of  Maine."  For  evening  and  part-time  vocational  schools, 
"  teachers  of  unit  subjects  must  have  sufficient  education  and  culture  to  assemble 
and  impart  knowledge,  and  must  have  pedagogical  coaching  and  be  skilled  in 
the  work  they  are  to  teach." 

MARYLAND. 

Supervisors  of  home  economics  must  have  had  four  years  of  high  school  and 
four  years  of  college  work,  practically  one-half  of  which  was  in  general  academic 
subjects  and  approximately  one-half  in  home  economics,  including  not  less 
than  200  recitation  hours  in  history  of  education  and  in  the  art  of  teaching  and 
supervising  home  economics,  and  must  have  had  four  years'  teaching  experience, 
two  of  them  being  in  home  economics.  Teachers  of  home  economics  must  have 
had  four  years  of  high  school  and  at  least  two  years  of  college  work,  approxi- 


6  CERTIFICATION'  OP   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

mately  one-third  of  which  must  have  been  in  academic  subjects  and  two-thirds 
in  home  economics,  including  200  recitation  hours  in  education  and  in  the  art 
of  teaching  home  economics.  For  vocational  day  schools,  a  teacher  must  have 
had  at  least  two  years,  preferably  four  years,  above  graduation  from  high  school 
and  successful  practice  teaching,  or  successful  teaching  experience,  and  also 
two  years  of  practical  experience,  including  management  of  a  home.  For  voca- 
tional evening  schools,  a  teacher  must  have  had  an  elementary-school  educa- 
tion, supplemented  by  some  high-school  education,  and  ability  to  present  such 
matter  successfully,  with  well-established  skill  in  handling  house  or  trade 
problems. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Graduates  of  a  three  years'  course  in  household  arts  at  Framingham  Normal 
School  are  certified  on  the  recommendation  of  the  principal  of  that  school.  For 
independent  vocational  schools,  vocational  household  arts  departments  in  high 
schools  and  compulsory  continuation  schools  for  girls,  the  applicant  must  have 
completed  elementary  and  secondary  schools  or  an  equivalent;  have  had  at 
least  one  year  of  special  technical  training  beyond  the  high  school  in  the 
special  subject  taught,  and  two  years  of  practical  household  or  trade  experi- 
ence. For  vocational  evening  schools,  completion  of  an  elementary  education 
and  four  years  of  experience  in  the  special  trade  taught.  For  teachers  of 
cookery,  an  approved  course  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  cooking.  For  teachers 
of  home  nursing,  graduation  from  an  approved  hospital. 

MICHIGAN. 

Teachers  are  certificated  for  teaching  in  either  elementary  or  high  schools  at 
the  completion  of  a  two  years'  course  in  the  normal  school  or  in  a  similar  insti- 
tution. Vocational  day  school  teachers  must  have  graduated  from  a  four-year 
college  course,  or  must  be  "  working  to  meet  that  condition."  They  must  have 
also  had  two  years  of  experience  in  a  home.  "  In  case  professionally  trained 
teachers  are  not  available,  women  of,  other  trades  or  professions  with  actual 
experience  may  be  employed."  "  Persons  who  complete  the  four-year  college 
course  in  home  economics,  together  with  practical  work  and  practice  teaching, 
are  granted  life  certificates  by  the  State  board  of  education  upon  recommenda- 
tion o'f  the  institution  which  is  approved  by  said  board." 

MINNESOTA. 

Since  1915  Minnesota  has  required  that  all  teachers  of  home  economics  In 
the  high  schools  be  graduates  of  the  home  economics  teachers'  course  of  the 
State  university  or  other  institutions  of  similar  standing.  For  vocational 
schools,  the  teacher  must  have  had  a  four-year  home  economics  college  course, 
adequate  vocational  experience,  and  15  hours  of  professional  training.  For 
evening  schools,  the  applicant  must  have  had  at  least  three  years  of  successful 
experience  in  the  work  to  be  taught,  present  satisfactory  evidence  of  ability 
to  teach  the  home  economics  subject  for  which  the  certificate  is  issued,  and  must 
present  credentials  for  the  completion  of  an  established  teacher-training  course. 
For  part-time  schools,  the  applicant  must  show  ability  to  impart  information 
and  must  have  had  three  years'  practical  experience  in  the  subject  to  be  taught 

MISSISSIPPI. 

There  is  no  law  at  present  that  states  the  exact  qualifications  for  home  eco- 
nomics teachers.  Efforts  are  being  made  to  put  the  following  regulation  into 
effect,  however,  that  no  person  shall  be  given  examination  for  home  economics 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS.  7 

license  who  has  not  had  as  much  as  two  years  above  high-school  training,  with 
special  work  in  home  economics.  The  vocational  requirements  are  that  they 
must  have  completed  a  four-year  course  as  outlined  at  the  teacher-training 
institution  for  vocational  home  economics  for  the  whites  and  a  three-year 
course  as  outlined  for  the  colored.  Some  exceptions  are  made  to  these  rules  at 
present,  due  to  the  fact  that  there  are  not  enough  teachers  meeting  the  maxi- 
mum requirements.  There  are  some  junior  colleges  in  the  State  that  are  meet- 
ing the  minimum  requirements. 

MISSOURI. 

Certificates  are  granted:  (a)  Graduates  from  colleges  with  training  in  the 
special  suhject;  (ft)  graduates  of  schools  of  higher  rank  which  prepare  special 
teachers,  provided  that  the  course  includes  two  hours  of  education  throughout 
one  year.  Vocational  day  high  schools  require  that  the  teacher  have  four  years 
above  high  school  and  two  years  of  home  experience. 

MONTANA. 

A  certificate  to  teach  home  economics  is  issued  to  any  teacher  who  presents 
satisfactory  evidence  of  special  proficiency  for  teaching  that  subject,  as  shown 
by  a  certificate  or  credential  held  by  such  teacher.  Teachers  in  Smith-Hughes 
schools  must  present  evidence  of  a  four  years'  college  course  in  home  eco- 
nomics. 

Special  certificates  to  teach  home  economics  do  not  qualify  holders  to  teach 
academic  subjects.  In  order  to  secure  a  State  certificate  by  indorsement  and 
thus  be  qualified  to  teach  other  subjects,  the  applicant  must  hold  a  diploma 
from  a  standard  normal  course  two  years  in  advance  of  a  four-year  high  school 
or  from  a  four-year  standard  course  with  credits  in  11  hours  of  professional 
work,  education,  psychology,  etc. 

NEBRASKA. 

Certificates  are  issued  at  the  completion  of  a  two  years'  course  in  normal 
schools.  Smith-Hughes  day  schools  require  that  the  teacher  shall  have  had 
four  years  of  college  course  and  two  years  of  practical  experience.  For  even- 
ing and  part-time  schools,  the  applicant  must  have  had  two  years  of  practical 
experience  and  one-year  normal  course,  but  sufficient  training  to  insure  success. 
Those  teachers  desiring  to  teach  food  courses  must  have  had  a  two  years  college 
course. 

NEVADA. 

Certificates  to  teach  home  economics  in  the  State  of  Nevada  are  issued  at  the 
discretion  of  the  State  board,  when  the  applicant  is  qualified  to  teach  any  of 
the  subjects  specified.  For  vocational  day  schools,  the  applicant  must  have 
had  two  years'  experience  in  home  management  and  four  years'  college  course 
in  home  economics,  or  show  unusual  training  and  ability,  together  with  two 
years'  specialized  training  in  home  economics. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

The  State  College  at  Durham  provides  four-year  courses  under  the  Smith- 
Hughes  law  which  lead  to  certification  for  teachers  in  junior  and  senior  high 
schools. 

The  two  normal  schools — Plymouth  and  Keene — offer  three-year  courses 
which  lead  to  certification  for  teaching  in  junior  and  senior  high  schools,  pro- 
vided that  not  less  than  80  per  cent  of  their  teaching  be  in  their  standardized 
subject 


8  CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME   ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

(For  temporary  special  license  see  Rules  78-82  and  87.) 

To  receive  a  special  certificate  an  applicant  must  comply  with  Rule  11,  and 
unless  exempted  under  the  provisions  of  Rule  12  with  such  other  conditions  as 
may  be  specifically  required  under  the  respective  certificates. 

A  limited  special  certificate  (unless  otherwise  stated)  is  valid  for  one  year. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  it  may,  under  the  provisions  of  Rule  7,  be  renewed  with- 
out examination  for  two  years. 

A  limited  special  certificate  may,  under  the  provisions  of  Rule  7,  be  made 
permanent,  without  examination,  after  three  years  of  successful  teaching. 

A  special  certificate  entitles  the  holder  to  teach  any  grade  in  the  subject  or 
subjects  covered  by  such  certificate,  and  except  in  the  case  of  the  manual  train- 
Ing  teaching  certificate,  to  supervise  in  any  grade  in  the  subject  or  subjects  cov- 
ered by  such  certificate. 

GENEKAL   REQUIREMENTS   FOB   ALL    CERTIFICATES. 

Rule  11.  To  receive  a  certificate  an  applicant  shall : 
a.  Be  at  least  18  years  old ; 
6.  File  testimonials  as  to  moral  character ; 

c.  File  a  physician's  certificate  that  he  is  in  good  health  and  free  from  any 

disease  or  physical  defect  that  might  interfere  with  his  success  as  a 
teacher ; 

d.  File,  in  case  of  previous  experience,  testimonials  as  to  his  success  in 

teaching,  with  a  written  statement  giving  the  places  in  which  he  has 
taught  and  the  term  of  service  in  each.1 
Rule  12.  Exemption  from  examinations  may  be  obtained  in  the  following  way : 

A.  By  presenting  for  indorsement  a  diploma,  certificate,  or  another  record,  as 
indicated  in  (1),  (2),  and  (3)  following,  an  applicant  may  be  exempted  from 
examination  in  the  subjects  covered  by  the  document  presented. 

(1)  The  diploma  of  an  approved  college,  subject  to  the  specific  requirements 
of  the  various  classes  of  cert'ficates  hereinafter  described. 

(2)  A  New  Jersey  county  certificate  other  than  special,  or  a  New  Jersey  State 
certificate,  provided  such  certificate  shall  have  been  in  full  force  and  effect  in 
this  State  within  five  years  next  preceding  the  date  of  the  stated  examination  at 
which  the  applicant  presents  itself. 

(3)  Records  from  approved  universities,  colleges,  technical  schools,  or  ap- 
proved summer  schools  of  the  satisfactory  completion  of  a  course  of  study  in  any 
subject  required  for  any  grade  of  certificate,  provided  the  record  of  the  same  be 
submitted  under  seal  or  affidavit  of  the  institution,  and  subject  to  the  specific 
requirements  of  the  various  classes  of  certificates  hereinafter  described. 

B.  By  presenting  for  indorsement  a   diploma  from   a   State  normal   school 
outside  the  State,  as  indicated  in  (1),  (2),  or  (3)  following,  an  applicant  for  a 
permanent  elementary  certificate  may  be  exempted  from  examination  in  the 
subjects  required  for  that  certificate.    This  can  be  done,  however,  on  terms  of 
rec'procity  only,  except  that  normal-school  diplomas,  issued  in  States  which  do 
not  have  a  State  system  of  certification,  and  which  are  therefore  unable  to  grant 
said  reciprocal  privileges,  may  be  indorsed  as  herein  provided. 

(1)  The  diploma  of  a  State  normal  school  in  another  State,  provided  that 
such  normal-school  diploma  covers  work  equivalent  to  that  required  in  this 
State  for  a  normal-school  diploma. 

1  Certified  copies  of  testimonials  will  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  originals. 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS.  9 

(2)  The  diploma  of  a  State  normal  school  in  another  State,  provided  that 
the  holder  of  said  diploma  shall  also  hold  a  certificate  of  graduation  from  a 
course  of  study  of  at  least  three  years  in  a  high  school  or  private  secondary  school 
approved  by  said  State;  and  provided  further,  that  the  applicant  shall  have 
taught  successfully  for  at  least  three  years.     In  each  case  the  State  board  of 
examiners  may  determine  whether  or  not  the  applicant  has  taught  successfully. 

(3)  The  diploma  of  a  State  normal  school  in  another  State,  based  upon  one 
year  of  study  in  such  school,  provided  that  the  holder  thereof  shall  have  been 
graduated  from  a  four-year  course  in  a  high  school  or  private  secondary  school 
approved  by  said  State,  and  shall  have  been  graduated  from  a  one-year  course 
in  a  training  class  approved  by  said  State,  and  shall  also  have  taught  success- 
fully for  at  least  one  year  before  entering  said  State  normal  school. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

There  are  no  laws  or  requirements  relating  to  the  certification  of  home- 
economics  teachers  in  elementary  or  high  schools  other  than  the  general  rules 
and  regulations  for  certificating  teachers  for  regular  school  positions.  In 
schools,  however,  receiving  reimbursement  from  Federal  and  State  funds 
for  instruction  in  vocational  home  economics,  the  State  plans  require  that  the 
teacher  shall  be  a  graduate  of  a  four-year  college  course  in  home  economics. 

NEW  YORK. 

In  New  York  State  all  teachers  of  home  economics  must  have  graduated 
from  an  approved  four-year  high-school  course  and  must  have  had  two  years 
of  special  professional  training  in  an  approved  institution. 

For  State-aided  departments  of  home  making  teachers  must  have  graduated 
from  an  approved  four  years'  professional  course  of  college  rank. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Certificates  to  teach  home  economics  are  granted  to  graduates  from  the 
State  College  for  Women  at  Greensboro  or  graduates  from  colleges  of  equal 
rank.  For  vocational  day  schools  the  teacher  must  have  had  a  four  years' 
college  course  in  home  economics,  two  years  of  practical  household  experience, 
and  12  semester  hours  of  education.  For  evening  and  part-time  schools  the 
applicant  must  have  had  two  years  of  home  experience  and  two  years'  course 
in  home  economics  of  college  grade,  or  a  special  concentrated  course,  espe- 
cially planned  for  the  specific  purpose  of  training  said  teachers. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Completion  of  a  two  years'  course  in  the  normal  schools  of  North  Dakota 
results  in  a  special  certificate  for  the  teaching  of  home  economics.  Smith- 
Hughes  Schools  require  that  the  teacher  shall  have  completed  a  four  years' 
college  course. 

Graduation  from  accredited  normal  schools  or  teachers'  colleges  outside  of 
North  Dakota  is  also  accepted  as  a  basis  for  the  issuance  of  domestic  science 
certificates.  Also  if  an  applicant  has  had  two  years  in  advance  of  high 
school  and  holds  a  diploma  granted  upon  the  completion  of  a  prescribed 
course  in  domestic  science. 

Special  certificates  to  teach  (1)  agriculture,  (2)  commercial  subjects,  (3) 
domestic  science,  or  (4)  manual  and  industrial  training  in  the  common  graded 
or  high  schools  of  the  State,  may  be  issued  to  applicants  who  possess  qualifica- 


10  CERTIFICATION  OF   HOME   ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

tions  equivalent  to  those  required  for  a  second-grade  professional  certificate. 
The  applicant  for  a  special  certificate  must  satisfy  the  State  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  by  examination  or  otherwise  of  his  proficiency  in  the 
subject  which  the  holder  is  authorized  to  teach.  Special  certificates  shall  be 
valid  for  such  a  term  of  years  as  the  State  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion shall  prescribe. 

The  standard  established  by  law  for  such  a  certificate  is  (a)  completion  of  a 
four- year  high-schoool  course  or  the  equivalent,  (b)  a  two-year  course  of  prepa- 
ration in  the  special  subject  or  subjects  in  an  approved  school  and  a  certificate 
or  diploma  of  graduation,  and  (c)  such  professional  (teacher-training)  content 
in  the  course  as  the  superintendent  of  public  instruction  requires. 

The  department  has  not  up  to  the  present  time  worked  out  exact  standards  on 
which  to  approve  schools  and  courses  to  prepare  special  teachers.  It  is  evident 
that  there  would  have  to  be  standards  different  in  some  respects  for  almost  every 
such  special  subject.  It  is  also  evident  that  in  some  subjects  at  least  a  two-year 
course  is  rather  a  long  course ;  while  in  agriculture  and  some  other  branches 
it  Is  a  short  course. 

A  course  offered  for  the  preparation  of  any  such  teachers  is  reviewed,  and  if 
it  seems  to  include  a  good  preparation  for  a  public-school  teacher  of  the  subject, 
It  is  approved.  The  minimum  teacher-training  content  that  is  acceptable  is  18 
semester  hours.  (A  semester  hour  is  the  credit  for  a  course  requiring  one  hour — 
about  55  minutes  in  the  clear — of  classroom  work  per  week  for  18  to  20  weeks. 
The  outside  work  in  preparation  for  a  classroom  exercise  should  take  about 
two  hours.)  The  following  is  the  standard  of  professional  work  (figures  repre- 
sent semester  hours)  : 

Educational    psychology 3 

Principles  of  teaching 3 

Methods  in  the  special  subject 4 

Organization  of  work  and  management  of  classes- 2 

History  of  modern  education 3 

Observation  of  teaching  and  practice  teaching 3 

The  practice  teaching  should  be  for  not  fewer  than  36  clock  hours.  It  should 
be  preceded  by  plans  and  followed  by  conferences.  The  observation  should  be 
properly  prepared  for  and  followed  up.  The  practice  teaching,  or  most  of  it, 
should  be  in  p«blic  schools — the  normal  teaching  situation. 

Sufficient  work  in  English  must  be  required  to  make  certain  that  the  teacher 
will  use  the  language  with  the  skill  needed  in  instructing  classes. 

The  minimum  credit  in  any  subject  included  in  a  group,  as  commercial 
branches,  shall  be  not  less  than  10  semester  hours  in  addition  to  the  prerequisite 
high-school  units  for  a  minor.  Two  high-school  units  in  commercial  branches 
are  prerequisite. 

OKLAHOMA. 

SPECIAL  HIGH-SCHOOL  STATE  CERTIFICATES. 

(Valid  to  teach  or  supervise  in  special  subjects,  such  as  drawing,  manual  arts,  domestic 
science,  and  commercial  work.) 

Five-year  special  high-school  State  certificates. — These  are  issued  to  grad- 
uates of  accredited  normal  schools  and  colleges  who  have  completed  a  standard 
course  in  the  special  subject  for  which  the  certificate  is  desired  and  16  hours  in 
psychology  and  education. 

Also  to  graduates  of  four-year  accredited  high  schools  who  have  spent  two 
full  years  in  some  recognized  institution  and  have  completed  a  standard  course 
in  the  subject  for  which  the  certificate  is  desired  and  16  hours  in  psychology 
and  education.  This  certificate  may  be  renewed  at  expiration  for  a  like  period, 
provided  the  holder  has  taught  in  Oklahoma  during  the  period  of  its  validity. 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS.  11 

One-year  special  high-school  State  certificates. — An  applicant  for  a  special 
high-school  certificate  who  has  completed  the  work  mentioned  in  paragraph 
19  or  20  above  in  an  institution  outside  of  Oklahoma  will  be  issued  a  certificate 
valid  for  one  year.  Such  a  certificate  may  be  renewed  for  five  years  when  the 
holder  has  taught  successfully  in  Oklahoma  one  year  and  has  completed  a  term 
of  work  in  an  accredited  educational  institution  of  Oklahoma. 

OREGON. 

Certificates  are  issued  to  those  who  have  been  graduated  from  a  standard 
course  in  a  standard  technical  school  which  requires  graduation  from  a  stand- 
ard high  school  for  entrance  and  which  requires  four  years  of  work  for  gradua- 
tion. The  vocational  day  school  requires  two  years  of  practical  experience 
and  a  four  years'  college  course,  including  such  professional  courses  as  the 
State  board  requires  for  the  certification  of  other  high-school  teachers. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

A  minimum  of  two  years  of  work,  including  200  hours  of  education,  at  least 
60  of  which  must  have  been  in  practice  teaching,  and  two  years  of  approved 
practical  experience  are  required  for  certification  in  general  education  and 
vocational  education  in  home  economics.  Curriculums  must  be  planned  and 
approved  for  general  or  for  vocational  home  economics  education.  Institutions 
are  encouraged  to  offer  four-year  curriculums  whenever  possible. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

No  examinations  in  home  economics  subjects  are  given  for  certification. 
Only  persons  who  present  satisfactory  evidence  of  preparation  for  service  may 
be  certificated.  Certificates  are  either  professional  or  provisional.  For  pro- 
fessional certification  limited  to  home  economics  subjects  the  applicant  must 
show  graduation  from  a  college  or  normal  school  with  specific  training  in  home 
economics,  including  professional  training  for  teaching.  For  provisional  cer- 
tification, smaller  academic  preparation,  or  satisfactory  examination  in  aca- 
demic subjects,  plus  specific  preparation  for  teaching  home  economics. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

No  report  was  received. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

CERTIFICATES    ISSUED    ON    SCHOOL    CREDENTIALS. 

Granted  only  to  graduates  of  standard  normal  courses  requiring  at  least 
two  years'  work  beyond  a  standard  four-year  high-school  course  or  its  equiva- 
lent. 

In  passing  upon  an  application,  both  the  high-school  and  normal  courses 
will  be  considered.  The  standards  set  for  South  Dakota  high  schools  and  nor- 
mal schools  will  be  strictly  adhered  to. 

The  following  subjects  must  appear  in  every  complete  course: 
English,  108  weeks. 
Mathematics : 

Algebra,  to  quadratics,  36  weeks. 
Plane  geometry,  36  weeks. 
History : 

American  (including  civics),  taken  after  the  tenth  grade,  36  weeks. 
European   (may  be  either  ancient,  medieval,  modern,  or  English),  36 

weeks. 

Science  (may  be  either  physics,  physical  geography,  botany  and  zoology, 
chemistry,  agriculture,  or  general  science),  36  weeks. 


12  CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

Physics  or  chemistry  must  not  be  taken  before  third  year  of  course  and 
should  include  laboratory  work. 

The  normal  course  must  include  a  minimum  of  15  semester  hours  in  peda- 
gogy and  professional  training.  A  deficiency  in  this  subject  may  be  made  up 
by  examination. 

Total  attendance  in  the  secondary  and  in  the  normal  school  shall  be  216 
weeks  above  the  eighth  grade,  provided  that  any  normal  school  may  accept 
satisfactory  credits  covering  20  weeks'  work  above  the  eighth  grade. 

Experience :  Applicants  must  show  18  months'  successful  teaching  experience. 

Valid  in  any  school  of  the  State  for  work  below  the  high  school  and  first 
year  of  high  school  only,  unless  issued  prior  to  July  1,  1919,  bearing  the 
eligibility  stamp. 

Term,  five  years. 

Renewable,  on  same  conditions  as  first  grade. 

Fee,  $5  for  issuance  or  renewal,  to  be  paid  to  superintendent  of  public 
instruction. 

PROVISIONAL    STATE   CERTIFICATES.1 

Issued  to  graduates  of  normal  courses  whose  scholastic  attainments  are 
sufficient  either  for  the  State  certificate  or  life  diploma,  but  who  lack  the 
required  teaching  experience  to  qualify  for  same  or  to  those  whose  teaching 
is  not  satisfactory  and  to  those  who  have  never  taught  under  our  supervision. 

STATE    CERTIFICATES. 

Applicant  must  show  proficiency  (a)  in  orthography,  reading,  penmanship, 
arithmetic,  geography,  grammar,  physiology  and  hygiene,  United  States  his- 
tory, including  South  Dakota  history,  civil  government,  and  drawing;  and  (b) 
pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in  American  literature,  algebra,  plane 
geometry,  physical  geography,  physics  or  botany,  general  history,  rhetoric  and 
composition,  and  pedagogy,  (c)  The  minimum  standing  is  70  per  cent  and 
the  required  average  is  80  per  cent. 

VOCATIONAL    CERTIFICATES. 

Applicant  must  show  proficiency  in  all  the  subjects  required  for  a  State 
certificate  except  current  events  and  American  literature,  and*  in  addition 
must  show  proficiency  in  the  particular  vocational  subject  or  subjects  to  be 
taught,  for  which  the  certificate  is  desired.1 

Experience,  none  required. 

Validity,  valid  for  subject  or  subjects  specified  on  certificate  in  any  school 
in  State. 

Term,  five  years. 

Renewable,  upon  presentation  by  the  applicant  of  evidence  of  continued  and 
successful  teaching  experience. 

Fee,  $5  for  issuance  or  renewal,  to  be  paid  to  the  superintendent  of  public 
instruction. 

TENNESSEE. 

The  normal  schools  offer  a  two  years'  home  economics  course  above  high 
school  which  entitles  the  applicant  to  a  certificate  to  teach  except  in  first-class 
high  schools. 

1  Issued  only  on  credentials. 

•Vocational  certificates  may  be  issued  to  teachers  engaged  exclusively  in  teaching 
manual  training,  domestic  science,  music,  drawing,  commercial  subjects,  penmanship, 
kindergarten  methods,  or  art. 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS.  13 

TEXAS. 

At  present  the  work  of  no  home  economics  teacher  Is  accredited  on  less  than 
two  years  of  college  preparation  for  teaching  home  economics. 

Until  1925  teachers  of  home  economics  will  not  be  required  by  law  to  hold 
a  State  certificate. 

Certificates  authorizing  the  holders  to  teach  the  special  subjects  of  agricul- 
ture, domestic  art,  domestic  science,  commercial  subjects,  public-school  draw- 
Ing,  expression,  manual  training,  physical  training,  public-school  music,  vocal 
music,  instrumental  music,  industrial  training,  or  foreign  language  may  be 
granted  to  applicants  as  follows : 

An  applicant  who  has  met  the  college  entrance  requirements  of  any  Texas 
State  normal  college,  or  any  university,  senior  college,  junior  college,  or  nor- 
mal college  which  is  ranked  as  first  class  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  has  satisfactorily  completed  10  college 
courses,  at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in  English,  at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in 
education,  and  at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in  the  special  subject  on  which  the 
certificate  is  issued,  these  courses  to  be  taken  in  any  Texas  State  normal  col- 
lege, or  any  university,  senior  college,  junior  college,  or  normal  college  which 
is  ranked  as  first  class  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  a  special  certificate  authorizing  him  to  make  contract  to 
teach  his  special  subject,  which  special  certificate  shall  be  valid  until  the  third 
anniversity  of  the  31st  day  of  August  of  the  scholastic  year  in  which  the  cer- 
tificate was  issued :  Provided,  That  one  of  these  courses  must  include  special 
methods  of  teaching  the  subject  on  which  the  certificate  is  granted. 

An  applicant  who  has  met  the  college  entrance  requirements  of  any  Texas 
State  normal  college,  or  any  university,  senior  college,  or  normal  college  which 
is  ranked  as  first  class  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  and, 
in  addition  thereto,  has  satisfactorily  completed  15  college  courses,  at  least  \ 
of  which  shall  be  in  English,  at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in 'education,  and  at 
least  3  of  which  shall  be  in  the  subject  on  which  the  certificate  is  granted,  these 
courses  to  be  taken  in  any  Texas  State  normal  college,  or  any  university,  or 
senior  college,  or  normal  college  ranked  as  first  class  by  the  State  superintend- 
ent of  public  instruction,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  certificate  entitling  him 
to  contract  to  teach  his  special  subject,  which  certificate  shall  be  valid  until  the 
fourth  anniversary  of  the  31st  day  of  August  of  the  scholastic  year  in  which 
the  certificate  is  granted. 

It  is  especially  herein  provided  that  the  holder  of  a  special  kindergarten  cer- 
tificate, or  a  special  certificate  in  commercial  subjects,  public-school  music, 
public-school  drawing,  or  physical  training,  on  the  completion  of  three  years  of 
teaching  the  special  subject  during  the  validity  of  his  certificate  or  certificates 
shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  permanent  special  certificate  in  his  subject,  valid 
for  use  in  the  public  schools,  unless  canceled  by  lawful  authority. 

An  applicant  who  has  met  the  college  entrance  requirements  of  any  Texas 
State  normal  college,  or  any  university  or  senior  college  or  normal  college 
ranked  as  first  class  by  the  State  department  of  education,  and  in  addition 
thereto  has  completed  20  college  courses,  at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in  English, 
at  least  1  of  which  shall  be  in  education,  and  at  least  4  of  which  shall  be  in 
his  special  subject,  these  courses  to  be  taken  in  any  Texas  State  normal  college, 
senior  college,  or  normal  college  ranked  by  the  State  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  as  a  college  of  the  first  class,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  perma- 
nent certificate  in  his  special  subject,  valid  for  life  unless  canceled  by  lawful 
authority,  provided  that  the  college  courses  shall  include  special  methods  of 
teaching  the  subject  on  which  the  certificate  is  issued. 


14  CERTIFICATION  OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

After  September  1,  1925,  teachers  who  devote  the  major  portion  of  their  time 
to  teaching  or  supervising  special  subjects  shall  be  required  to  hold  a  high- 
school  certificate  or  a  special  certificate,  as  provided  for  in  this  act,  on  the 
special  subject  in  which  they  give  instruction  or  supervise  work. 

For  the  scholastic  year  of  1920-21  Texas  universities  and  colleges  shall  have 
the  right,  if  preferred,  to  continue  their  former  laws  granting  privileges  on 
which  they  have  made  pledges  to  their  students,  to  fulfill  the  pledges  authorized 
by  these  former  laws. 

After  consultation  with  the  attorney  general's  department,  the  State  superin- 
tendent has  interpreted  the  preceding  paragraph  to  have  the  following  meaning : 

Any  student  who  attends  school  at  an  approved  college  during  the  session  of 
1920-21  may  exercise  a  choice  as  to  whether  he  will  complete  his  work  accord- 
ing to  the  terms  of  the  new  law,  provided  that  he  completes  his  work  by  Sep- 
tember 1,  1925.  In  order  to  have  this  privilege  he  must  be  in  attendance  at  the 
school  during  the  regular  session  or  the  summer  session  of  1920-21.  A  student 
who  is  not  in  attendance  at  such  a  school  during  the  regular  session  or  the 
summer  session  of  the  present  scholastic  year  must  complete  his  college  work 
under  the  terms  of  the  new  law. 

UTAH. 

Certificates  are  issued  to  applicants  who  present  evidence  satisfactory  to  the 
State  board  of  education  that  they  have  a  high  degree  of  special  fitness  to  teach 
the  subject.  This  statement  applies  to  teachers  of  domestic  art  but  not  to 
teachers  of  domestic  science,  except  by  special  action  of  the  State  board. 
Under  the  present  requirements  of  the  board,  teachers  of  domestic  science  in 
the  high  schools  are  expected  to  qualify  by  completing  a  standard  four-years' 
course,  including  approximately  one  year  in  education  and  closely  related 
subjects. 

Smith-Hughes  schools  require  four  years'  college  course  in  home  economics 
and  two  years'  practical  experience.  Evening  schools  require  two  years  of 
practical  experience  and  nine  hours  of  professional  training.  Part  of  the  above 
requirements  may  be  waived. 

VERMONT. 

No  certificate  of  any  kind  is  issued  in  Vermont  to  anyone  having  less  than 
one  year  of  professional  training.  Special  certificates  are  given  for  teachers 
of  home  economics,  provided  the  applicants  are  graduates  from  approved 
institutions  having  a  home-economics  course  of  not  less  than  two  years. 

VIRGINIA. 

Special  certificates  to  teach  home  economics  are  issued  to  applicants  who 
have  completed  a  two  years'  home-economics  course  of  study  which  was  based 
on  graduation  from  high  school.  Provisional  certificates  may  be  issued  to 
those  who  have  completed  a  part  of  the  work,  which  certificate  is  valid  for 
one  year  only.  Smith-Hughes  schools  require  a  four  years'  college  or  normal 
course  and  one  year  of  experience  in  the  management  of  a  home. 

WASHINGTON. 

The  University  of  Washington  and  the  Washington  State  College  are  recog- 
nized as  teacher-training  institutions  and  grant  normal  diplomas  for  teachin.tr 
home  economics  to  those  of  its  graduates  who  have  majored  in  home  economics 
and  who  have  completed  not  less  than  12  semester  hours  in  the  department 
of  education.  The  normal  schools  of  Washington  offer  a  two  and  a  three  year 


CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOM 

A 

course  in  home  economics,  which  leads  to  a  certificate  to  teach  the  subject  in 
the  State.  Special  certificates  are  also  issued  by  the  county  school  superin- 
tendent or  by  the  city  superintendent  in  a  school  district  of  the  first  class  to 
teachers  who  show  special  fitness  and  who  have  completed  not  less  than  two 
years  of  work  above  the  four-year  high-school  course,  provided  the  applica- 
tions for  such  special  certificates  are  approved  by  the  State  superintendent 
of  public  instruction.  Vocational  day-school  teachers  must  have  completed  a 
four-year  college  course  in  home  economics,  which  includes  12  semester  hours 
in  education,  and  must  have  had  two  years  of  practical  experience  in  house- 
hold administration.  For  part-time  schools  the  applicant  must  have  had  two 
years  of  practical  experience  and  two  years  of  technical  training,  and,  in  addi- 
tion, at  least  one  course  in  methods  of  teaching  home-economics  subjects. 
For  evening  schools  the  applicant  must  have  had  two  years  of  successful 
experience  in  the  work  taught,  and  present  evidence  of  teaching  ability  and 
credentials  of  the  completion  of  a  teacher-training  course  in  special  methods  or 
its  equivalent. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Certain  cities  in  West  Virginia  make  their  own  decision  as  to  the  qualifica- 
tions of  their  teachers.  Certificates  are  issued  by  the  State  board  by  exami- 
nations or  upon  completion  of  courses  approved  by  the  State  board  with  at  least 
10  semester  hours  of  credit  in  professional  subjects.  The  vocational  day-school 
teachers  must  have  had  four-years'  course  in  home  economics  and  two  years' 
practical  experience. 

WISCONSIN. 

Certificates  are  issued  for  the  teaching  of  domestic  science,  manual  training, 
agriculture,  etc.,  upon  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  completion  of  a  two-year 
course  equivalent  to  that  given  by  the  normal  schools  of  the  State  which  offer 
such  instruction  and  by  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

WYOMING. 

Special  certificates  to  teach  home  economics  are  issued  to  graduates  from 
four-year  high  schools  with  2  additional  years  of  special  preparation  in  home 
economics.  They  are  also  issued  to  college  graduates. 

SPECIAL   CERTIFICATES. 

Basis — Credentials. 
Requirements : 
Academic — 

High  school  four  years  and  graduation  from  standard  technical  school 
(two-year  course)  or  graduation  from  standard  college  with  major 
(special  technical  subject)  25  hours,  English  4  hours. 
Professional — 

Six   hours   in   education,    including  principle    of   teaching.     Provided 
applicant  has  no  credit  in   education,   he   may   qualify  by   taking 
examination  and  making  minimum  grade  or  80  per  cent  in  principles 
of  teaching  and  special  methods. 
Experience-- 
Two years. 
Validity- 
Period — Life. 

Position — To  teach  special  subjects  named  on  certificate. 
Validation — (See  regulations  for  validation  of  life  certificates.) 


16  CERTIFICATION   OF   HOME  ECONOMICS  TEACHERS. 

Applicants  for  certificates  upon  the  credential  basis  must  have  been  engaged 
in  education  work  within  four  years  preceding  the  time  of  application.  Credit 
may  be  made  valid  for  certification  by  the  holder  complying  with  the  require- 
ments for  validation  of  certificates. 

HOME   ECONOMICS.      SMITH-HUGHES. 

For  all-day  schools. 
Requirements: 

Academic  training — 

Graduation  from  a  four-year  course  in  home  economics  In  a  standard 
college  or  university,  with  at  least  50  per  cent  of  the  work  in  home 
economics  and  related  subjects. 
Professional  training — 

Fifteen  semester  hours  of  credit  in  education,  including  some  work  in 

methods  of  teaching  home  economics. 
Vocational  experience — 

At  least  two  years  of  home-making  experience,  a  part  of  which  must 

have  been  in  the  actual  management  of  a  home. 
Teaching  experience — 

Three  years. 
Validity- 
Period — Life. 
Subjects — Home  economics  and  related  subjects  in  day,  evening,  and 

part-time  schools. 

For  persons  who  may  satisfy  the  above  requirements,  with  the  exception  of 
the  necessary  teaching  experience,  a  provisional  certificate  will  be  issued  valid 
for  three  years.  After  three  years  of  successful  teaching  experience,  this  may 
be  exchanged  for  the  regular  vocational  home-economics  certificate. 

When  impossible  to  secure  desirable  home-economics  teachers  with  the  re- 
quired professional  training,  a  provisional  certificate  may  be  issued  valid  for 
one  year.  The  holder  of  each  certificate  will  be  required  to  secure  at  least 
five  semester  hours  of  credit,  or  such  sYnaller  number  as  will  enable  her  to 
meet  the  above  requirements  in  professional  work  during  the  life  of  the  cer- 
tificate. Having  complied  with  this  condition,  a  second  and  third  certificate 
may  be  issued  on  the  same  conditions. 


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